COMPONENTS

1.- Cooling System

The elements which make up the cooling system are: 

1.1.-Water Pump  

The water pump provides continuous circulation of the coolant each time that the motor spins. In some motors, the water pumps push themselves with gears, and others have water pumps pushed by a belt. 

1.2.-Radiator

 The radiator transfers heat far away from the coolant, lowering its temperature. The coolant flows through tubes of the radiator while the air circulates around the tubes, providing transfer of heat towards the atmosphere.

1.3.-Coolant  

The coolant is a mix of water, anti-freeze (glycol) and coolant conditioner (corrosion inhibitor). In order to reach the adequate cooling temperature, each one should be maintained in the correct proportion. 

1.4.-Thermostat  

The thermostat as a temperature regulator. The thermostat helps to heat the motor and keep the temperature of the coolant and the motor during operation. When the motor is cold, the thermostat allows the coolant to only circulate through the motor, pushing it away from the radiator (to help keep the motor hot). When the motor is at the ideal operating temperature, the thermostat opens to allow the coolant to flow through the radiator (this way the cooling down takes place). The thermostat is constantly opening and closing as the temperature changes.

1.5.-Indicator of the Water Temperature

The temperature indicator indicates the temperature of the coolant.

1.6.-Ventilator  

The ventilator forcefully introduces the air around the tubes of the radiator to transfer the heat towards the outside of the coolant and lower the temperature. The ventilators are pulled with a belt from the crank. 

1.7.-Oil coolants

The function of the oil coolants is to maintain the temperature of the motor, the transmission, and the hydraulic oil. There are two basic types: from oil to coolant, and from oil to air. 

OPERATION OF THE COOLING SYSTEM

The main function of the cooling system is to maintain the appropriate motor temperature by taking out the excessive heat generated by combustion and friction. Approximately 33% of the thermal energy which develops during combustion is converted into usable potency, 7% is directly irradiated from the surface of the motor, and 30% is let out through the exhaust. The remaining 30% dissipates into the cooling system. 
The coolant circulates through the passages of the motor called coolant or water jacket. The coolant absorbs the heat of the hot surfaces of the motor and takes it to the motor, where it is transferred to the atmosphere. 
The coolant system also helps to maintain the correct temperature of the motor, transmission and of the hydraulic system throughout the use of oil coolants.